Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) open data reports annual intramural research and development expenditure in Singapore classified into private and public sectors from 1990 through 2018. Private sector covers business enterprises excluding higher education; public sector spans government, universities, and public research institutes. Innovation policy analysts use the CSV to compare how R&D funding is distributed across Singapore’s innovation system. Definitions follow standard Frascati-style boundaries between internal and extramural R&D spending.
The (intramural) R&D expenditures for an organisation comprise all expenditures on R&D performed within the organisation during the reporting period. They include expenditures made outside the organisation but in support of the R&D performed within the organisation. It excludes extramural R&D expenditures, which are the sums an organisation paid or committed to pay to another organisation for the performance of R&D, where the latter includes acquisition of R&D performed by others and grants given to others for performing R&D. Intramural R&D expenditures are classified into: * Private: This comprises all business enterprises in the private sector, excluding institutions of higher education * Public: This comprises all entities in the Government Sector, Higher Education Sector and Public Research Institutes
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) annual CSV of research and development expenditure in Singapore by sector from 1990 through 2018. Innovation and industrial-policy analysts track R&D spending across public and private sectors.