Forward And Backward Linkages (Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables 2021)
Description
Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables 2021 forward and backward linkage coefficients for each industry. Forward linkages measure dependence on purchases by downstream industries; backward linkages measure dependence on upstream production. Useful for identifying key sectors in Singapore’s production network. Adapted from SingStat TableBuilder CT/17937.
Official description
Source: SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS Data Last Updated: 25/03/2026 Update Frequency: Annual Survey period: Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables 2021 Footnotes: This table shows the forward and backward linkages of each industry. Forward linkages are supply-oriented, and measure an industry’s dependence on the purchases by downstream industries. Backward linkages are demand- oriented, and measure an industry’s dependence on the production by upstream industries. Adapted from: https://tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/table/CT/17937
- Last updated
- Rows
- 107
- Columns
- 3
Chart
Values are summed where multiple rows share the same category.
Data
| Coefficient | (Linkage) Forward | (Linkage) Backward |
|---|---|---|
| 001 Agriculture and nursery products | 1.034700 | 1.104000 |
| 002 Livestock | 0.898500 | 1.050700 |
| 003 Fishing and aquaculture | 0.849300 | 0.874300 |
| 004 Food preparations | 0.924300 | 0.934400 |
| 005 Oils and fats | 0.808600 | 1.048000 |
| 006 Dairy products | 0.749500 | 1.036300 |
| 007 Other food products n.e.c | 0.918800 | 0.993800 |
| 008 Beverages and tobacco products | 0.663000 | 0.833100 |
| 009 Textiles | 1.151200 | 0.867900 |
| 010 Wearing apparel and fur products | 0.823300 | 0.791300 |
| 011 Footwear and leather products | 0.708000 | 0.855800 |
| 012 Wood and wooden products (except furniture) | 1.463300 | 1.023300 |
| 013 Paper and paper products | 0.973200 | 1.013500 |
| 014 Printing and reproduction of recorded media | 1.307200 | 0.999900 |
| 015 Petroleum products | 1.045000 | 0.723200 |
| 016 Basic chemicals and chemical products | 1.280200 | 1.200700 |
| 017 Petrochemicals and petrochemical products | 1.096100 | 1.266900 |
| 018 Paints and related products | 1.002400 | 1.063000 |
| 019 Detergents, perfumes, cleaning and toilet preparations | 0.817500 | 0.911400 |
| 020 Other chemical products | 0.833600 | 0.917900 |
| 021 Pharmaceuticals and biological products | 0.680400 | 0.807200 |
| 022 Rubber and plastic products | 1.121900 | 1.171000 |
| 023 Other non-metallic mineral products | 1.250200 | 0.912200 |
| 024 Basic metals | 1.220500 | 0.860100 |
| 025 Fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment) | 1.208500 | 0.882800 |
Columns
| Column | Type | Categorical |
|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Text | No |
| (Linkage) Forward | Numeric | No |
| (Linkage) Backward | Numeric | No |