Research And Development Expenditure By Type Of Costs And Institutional Sector, Annual
Description
Annual research and development expenditure in Singapore by type of cost and institutional sector, sourced from A*STAR’s National Survey of RIE and disseminated by the Singapore Department of Statistics in CSV from 1990 through 2022. Supports innovation policy analysis and R&D intensity benchmarking.
Official description
Source: AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Data Last Updated: 12/11/2025 Update Frequency: Annual Footnotes: Data on research and development (R&D) in Singapore are collected through the National Survey of Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE), conducted on an annual basis by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). The institutional sectors in the RIE Survey are broadly split into three sectors, namely (a) 'Private sector' comprises all business enterprises, excluding institutions of higher learning; (b) 'Government sector' comprises all government organisations, including government ministries, statutory boards & public research institutes and excluding institutes of higher learning; and (c) 'Institutes of Higher Learning' comprises institutions of higher learning, including the universities and polytechnics. Adapted from: https://tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/table/TS/M081341
- Last updated
- Coverage
- 1990-01-01 – 2022-12-31
- Rows
- 39
- Columns
- 34
Chart
Values are summed where multiple rows share the same category.
Data
| Data Series | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 12689.390000 | 11365.110000 | 10405.170000 | 9690.45 | 9198.76 | 9002.13 | 9136.46 | 9207.58 | 8307.22 | 7393.51 | 7074.25 | 7271.73 | 6308.04 | 6009.08 | 7113.54 | 6326.2 | 4998.45 | 4569.41 | 4041.47 | 3396.9 | 3368.34 | 3232.68 | 3009.52 | 2656.3 | 2492.26 | 2104.56 | 1792.14 | 1366.56 | 1174.98 | 997.93 | 949.54 | 756.8 | 571.7 |
| Capital Costs | 1139.040000 | 1079.860000 | 861.920000 | 855.17 | 727.64 | 885.17 | 1197.43 | 1266.22 | 1252.98 | 1000.87 | 1137.36 | 891.73 | 963.77 | 1030.11 | 2296.22 | 1790.85 | 893.44 | 797.98 | 809.2 | 447.88 | 658.28 | 562.98 | 562.88 | 607.58 | 686.31 | 601.33 | 498.12 | 329.01 | 281.81 | na | na | na | na |
| Manpower Costs | 6241.110000 | 5381.650000 | 5074.140000 | 4926.04 | 4616.05 | 4465.27 | 4290.23 | 4192.13 | 3803.97 | 3475.25 | 3307.09 | 3434.73 | 2859.95 | 2619.15 | 2497.7 | 2386.21 | 2139.93 | 1937.48 | 1747.95 | 1538.39 | 1448.1 | 1350.72 | 1256.21 | 1122.05 | 1011.69 | 897.93 | 770.72 | 634.88 | 564.76 | na | na | na | na |
| Researchers | 5488.200000 | 4719.580000 | 4463.960000 | 4363.12 | 4119.14 | 3984.67 | 3750.03 | 3686.32 | 3359.74 | 3057.05 | 2868.99 | 2887.61 | 2463.21 | 2239.21 | 2121.65 | 2075.1 | 1844.57 | 1647.01 | 1481.16 | 1340.28 | 1267.22 | 1185.16 | 1078.84 | 967.76 | 872.23 | 755.78 | 677.2 | 544.97 | 493.55 | na | na | na | na |
| Research Scientists & Engineers (RSE) | 5098.110000 | 4364.270000 | 4138.390000 | 4018.92 | 3799.24 | 3624.54 | 3416.66 | 3367.2 | 3072.69 | 2754.78 | 2579.31 | 2330.99 | 2200.21 | 1979.07 | 1861.92 | 1804.46 | 1555.04 | 1432.98 | 1285.24 | 1179.3 | 1110.7 | 1044.29 | 957.72 | 873.52 | 774.71 | 661.99 | 594.02 | 479.06 | 439.27 | na | na | na | na |
| Full-Time Postgraduate Research Students (FPGRS) | 100.640000 | 104.120000 | 110.560000 | 119.91 | 136.7 | 152.06 | 163.62 | 161.08 | 154.83 | 154 | 146.26 | 144.35 | 136.4 | 127.06 | 105.99 | 50.71 | 136.83 | 62.53 | 76.11 | 62.9 | 57.57 | 45.86 | 18.68 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na |
| Non-Degree Researchers | 289.450000 | 251.190000 | 215.020000 | 224.29 | 183.21 | 208.07 | 169.76 | 158.04 | 132.22 | 148.27 | 143.42 | 412.27 | 126.6 | 133.08 | 153.74 | 219.93 | 152.7 | 151.5 | 119.81 | 98.08 | 98.95 | 95.02 | 102.44 | 94.24 | 97.52 | 93.79 | 83.18 | 65.92 | 54.28 | na | na | na | na |
| Technicians | 229.320000 | 194.090000 | 163.860000 | 167.6 | 136.97 | 154.38 | 196.85 | 185.28 | 152.35 | 165.24 | 160.44 | 198.15 | 170.15 | 174.45 | 174.94 | 136.89 | 121.89 | 109.13 | 100.57 | 80.75 | 79.18 | 74.27 | 69.34 | 77.26 | 64.95 | 83.8 | 47.43 | 47.34 | 38.15 | na | na | na | na |
| Other Support Staff | 523.600000 | 467.980000 | 446.310000 | 395.32 | 359.94 | 326.21 | 343.34 | 320.53 | 291.88 | 252.95 | 277.66 | 348.97 | 226.59 | 205.49 | 201.11 | 174.22 | 173.47 | 181.34 | 166.22 | 117.36 | 101.7 | 91.29 | 108.03 | 77.03 | 74.52 | 58.35 | 46.08 | 42.57 | 33.06 | na | na | na | na |
| Other Operating Costs | 5309.250000 | 4903.600000 | 4469.110000 | 3909.24 | 3855.07 | 3651.69 | 3648.8 | 3749.22 | 3250.27 | 2917.4 | 2629.8 | 2945.27 | 2484.33 | 2359.82 | 2319.62 | 2149.13 | 1965.08 | 1833.95 | 1484.31 | 1410.63 | 1261.98 | 1318.99 | 1190.43 | 926.68 | 794.26 | 605.29 | 523.31 | 402.66 | 328.41 | na | na | na | na |
| Private Sector | 8141.130000 | 7277.410000 | 6602.900000 | 5916.67 | 5484.22 | 5325.15 | 5295.59 | 5469.39 | 4989.14 | 4315.42 | 4238.01 | 4446.29 | 3761.11 | 3689.06 | 5105.45 | 4222.1 | 3281.74 | 3018.54 | 2569.56 | 2053.62 | 2055.01 | 2045.02 | 1866.05 | 1670.86 | 1536.1 | 1314.52 | 1133.42 | 881.38 | 736.23 | 618.58 | 577.62 | 442 | 309.5 |
| Capital Costs | 817.150000 | 774.640000 | 617.520000 | 538.22 | 429.52 | 568.95 | 712.68 | 814.45 | 898.77 | 658.82 | 803.92 | 463.62 | 614.72 | 708 | 1997.4 | 1315.26 | 646.66 | 492.28 | 482.83 | 215.76 | 414.56 | 432.68 | 363.21 | 408.4 | 474.26 | 425.51 | 309.23 | 209.11 | 190.27 | na | na | na | na |
| Manpower Costs | 3771.720000 | 3141.180000 | 2945.800000 | 2833.43 | 2568.92 | 2450.53 | 2357.42 | 2284.39 | 2117.34 | 1877.26 | 1853.36 | 2082.19 | 1638.15 | 1510.98 | 1557.14 | 1488.89 | 1308.56 | 1252.27 | 1089.43 | 866.89 | 791.35 | 755.94 | 693.6 | 647.28 | 570.68 | 502.2 | 443.82 | 368.76 | 295.11 | na | na | na | na |
| Researchers | 3389.710000 | 2799.400000 | 2624.870000 | 2538.27 | 2317.58 | 2220.33 | 2108.77 | 2027.21 | 1907.15 | 1702.64 | 1634.79 | 1769.94 | 1450.21 | 1328.43 | 1353.54 | 1333.95 | 1155.02 | 1064.7 | 920.71 | 762.22 | 698.7 | 674.17 | 604.13 | 568.87 | 501.79 | 427.87 | 384.59 | 310.57 | 248.11 | na | na | na | na |
| Research Scientists & Engineers (RSE) | 3149.890000 | 2582.540000 | 2439.440000 | 2351.57 | 2160.8 | 2057.33 | 1972.79 | 1889.21 | 1784.49 | 1566.18 | 1503.88 | 1382.86 | 1333.37 | 1204.98 | 1209.52 | 1166.27 | 1010.68 | 919.5 | 807.13 | 670.94 | 607.69 | 585.28 | 516.42 | 481.12 | 410.38 | 341.1 | 312.8 | 254.41 | 198.16 | na | na | na | na |
| Non-Degree Researchers | 239.820000 | 216.860000 | 185.420000 | 186.7 | 156.78 | 163 | 135.98 | 138 | 122.67 | 136.46 | 130.91 | 387.08 | 116.84 | 123.45 | 144.02 | 167.68 | 144.34 | 145.2 | 113.58 | 91.28 | 91.01 | 88.89 | 87.71 | 87.75 | 91.41 | 86.77 | 71.79 | 56.16 | 49.95 | na | na | na | na |
| Technicians | 133.800000 | 120.840000 | 104.030000 | 103.21 | 81.79 | 86.2 | 105.33 | 99.32 | 75.7 | 70 | 71.64 | 102.81 | 70.73 | 67.93 | 82.58 | 59.83 | 57.33 | 62.7 | 53.51 | 39.42 | 37.5 | 36.57 | 35.67 | 36.49 | 29.86 | 40.55 | 29.75 | 29.14 | 26.85 | na | na | na | na |
| Other Support Staff | 248.210000 | 220.940000 | 216.900000 | 191.96 | 169.56 | 144 | 143.31 | 157.86 | 134.48 | 104.62 | 146.93 | 209.44 | 117.21 | 114.62 | 121.02 | 95.11 | 96.21 | 124.87 | 115.21 | 65.25 | 55.15 | 45.19 | 53.8 | 41.93 | 39.04 | 33.79 | 29.48 | 29.04 | 20.15 | na | na | na | na |
| Other Operating Costs | 3552.260000 | 3361.590000 | 3039.590000 | 2545.02 | 2485.77 | 2305.67 | 2225.5 | 2370.55 | 1973.03 | 1779.34 | 1580.72 | 1900.49 | 1508.24 | 1470.08 | 1550.9 | 1417.95 | 1326.52 | 1273.98 | 997.3 | 970.96 | 849.1 | 856.41 | 809.24 | 615.19 | 491.16 | 386.81 | 380.37 | 303.51 | 250.85 | na | na | na | na |
| Institutes Of Higher Learning | 1718.400000 | 1486.080000 | 1461.610000 | 1598.54 | 1654.83 | 1663.5 | 1656.06 | 1583.42 | 1356.58 | 1319.37 | 1199.42 | 1091.55 | 973.64 | 855.98 | 709.77 | 602.99 | 575.67 | 477.99 | 424.71 | 457.5 | 430.01 | 366.98 | 338.27 | 309.97 | 305.84 | 277.7 | 238.71 | 193.36 | 179.53 | 157.28 | 156.03 | 147.1 | 119.7 |
| Capital Costs | 153.270000 | 129.080000 | 110.160000 | 138.36 | 153.61 | 183.54 | 188.79 | 183.22 | 171.4 | 175.72 | 145.23 | 128.42 | 126.51 | 124.01 | 90.95 | 62.74 | 80.72 | 75.59 | 51.46 | 61.23 | 58.6 | 42.16 | 60.19 | 60.88 | 69.11 | 58.64 | 48.14 | 22.56 | 14.03 | na | na | na | na |
| Manpower Costs | 1043.480000 | 908.700000 | 941.250000 | 1000.83 | 1028.55 | 1024.33 | 977.39 | 931.74 | 805.75 | 771.56 | 696.73 | 633.75 | 564.89 | 501.38 | 402.83 | 363.57 | 375.66 | 284.24 | 275.47 | 303.93 | 293.4 | 265.62 | 233.1 | 215.75 | 207.78 | 193.48 | 171.12 | 154.59 | 152.11 | na | na | na | na |
| Researchers | 956.040000 | 829.180000 | 855.830000 | 923.67 | 941.46 | 936.12 | 895.24 | 853.11 | 729.08 | 696.73 | 630.55 | 574.67 | 514.73 | 464.63 | 375.1 | 337.53 | 350.82 | 262.07 | 253.75 | 284.97 | 279.08 | 249.24 | 212.2 | 193.27 | 180.33 | 166.62 | 158.16 | 139.58 | 146.47 | na | na | na | na |
| Research Scientists & Engineers (RSE) | 852.770000 | 723.240000 | 742.320000 | 798.44 | 799.88 | 779.67 | 726.98 | 688.71 | 571.39 | 539.83 | 481.52 | 427.15 | 376.87 | 335.85 | 267.1 | 242.27 | 213.1 | 198.37 | 176.64 | 221.25 | 219.52 | 201.89 | 192.49 | 192.9 | 180.16 | 166.38 | 157.82 | 139.56 | 145.67 | na | na | na | na |
| Full-Time Postgraduate Research Students (FPGRS) | 96.680000 | 102.640000 | 109.820000 | 119.91 | 136.7 | 152.06 | 163.62 | 161.08 | 154.83 | 154 | 146.26 | 144.35 | 136.4 | 127.06 | 105.99 | 50.71 | 136.83 | 62.53 | 76.11 | 62.9 | 57.57 | 45.86 | 18.68 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na |
Columns
| Column | Type | Categorical |
|---|---|---|
| Data Series | Text | No |
| 2022 | Numeric | No |
| 2021 | Numeric | No |
| 2020 | Numeric | No |
| 2019 | Text | No |
| 2018 | Text | No |
| 2017 | Text | No |
| 2016 | Text | No |
| 2015 | Text | No |
| 2014 | Text | No |
| 2013 | Text | No |
| 2012 | Text | No |
| 2011 | Text | No |
| 2010 | Text | No |
| 2009 | Text | No |
| 2008 | Text | No |
| 2007 | Text | No |
| 2006 | Text | No |
| 2005 | Text | No |
| 2004 | Text | No |
| 2003 | Text | No |
| 2002 | Text | No |
| 2001 | Text | No |
| 2000 | Text | No |
| 1999 | Text | No |
| 1998 | Text | No |
| 1997 | Text | No |
| 1996 | Text | No |
| 1995 | Text | No |
| 1994 | Text | No |
| 1993 | Text | Yes |
| 1992 | Text | Yes |
| 1991 | Text | Yes |
| 1990 | Text | Yes |